Thank you to u/4P5mc for bringing Aikar's JVM Arguments to my attention. TPS dropping may actually be a sign that there isn't enough cpu or ram allocated to the server. The amount of memory saved will depend on the pack, in version 1. Article Number 000039958 Applies To RSA Product Set: RSA Identity Governance & Lifecycle RSA Version/Condition: 7. · Issue #1 · LiamSho/mcsmanager-image · GitHub. It requires. JvmInspector is standalone tool + Nagios wrapper plugin (check_jvm) that dumps various properties from locally running JVMs. Starting at "Adrenalin 22. As you noted yourself it spends a lot of time in JNI ref processing. 1. When I reboot the server (linux) and start the mainserver, about 15% of RAM will be used. Edit: Solved, just set them both to the same value! So when running my server (which has 8GB or RAM) I set my Xms to 2G (minimum RAM) and Xmx to 6GB (maximum RAM). Examples: To turn on the detailed logs for Garbage Collector: java - XX:+ ParallelRefProcEnabled MainClass . 5G. 5GHZ) 32GB DDR4 Ram 2x 128GB SSD in Raid1 1GBiT Uplink Before i move the Gameservers to new System i want to optimize the Server as good as i can!Last week a major vulnerability in the Log4J2 library was widely reported in the tech community. First, If your server has 8gb of ram you should assign to your minecraft server 6 or 7 gb of ram. - Setup> Application Settings> System> Active Trader – AT Rate: 0, Price Ladder: 3. The option “-XX:+ParallelRefProcEnabled” enable parallel reference processing whenever possible. G1RSetUpdatingPauseTimePercent=5: Default is 10% of time spent during pause updating Rsets, reduce this to 5% to make more of it concurrent to reduce pause durations. 1. JDK; JDK-6659981 +ParallelRefProcEnabled crashes on single core platform. 12. [18:17:20 WARN]: java. Currently using network-compression-threshold at 256, seems to be the best setting. Tuning G1 GC for Cassandra. exe process in Process Explorer. -XX:+ParallelRefProcEnabled 默认为false，并行的处理Reference对象，如WeakReference，除非在GC log里出现Reference处理时间较长的日志，否则效果不会很明显。-XX:+CMSClassUnloadingEnabled 在CMS中清理永久代中的过期的Class而不等到Full GC，JDK7默认关闭而JDK8打开。看自己情况，比如有. ok so ill have to either roll back to the previous dev build, or use the latest stable build for 1. What behaviour is expected: Server to shut down and start its self again. additional. * Loaded classes. The following represents an example of the above settings. Parallelization of this just adds unnecessary overhead in this process. (by pufferfish-gg) Suggest topics. p. 序言：一个原本活蹦乱跳的男人离奇死亡，死状恐怖，灵堂内的尸体忽然破棺而出，到底是诈尸还是另有隐情，我是刑警宁泽，带. txt file, name it start and inside. Some app uses weak references (say for caching, and it does not mind if JVM gabbage collects these cache lines to “effectively” increase the cache size), then GC spends a lot of time trying to figure which references can be cleaned up. Each service runs a Minecraft server on tmux. 0 Issue The RSA - 657913Hi, I need some help with one or some good additional arguments to play all the mods 8 without lag and spike lag. High-performance applications form the backbone of the modern web. Learn more about Teams +ParallelRefProcEnabled: Optimizes the GC process to use multiple threads for weak reference checking. {"payload":{"allShortcutsEnabled":false,"fileTree":{"":{"items":[{"name":". Setting this value to 0 will tell the G1 garbage collector to always use the number of threads specified by the . Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. 8. 8. 0. This section describes the '-XX:+PrintFlagsFinal' JVM option, which prints all options and their values used by the JVM. My test server is a 4 core/8 gb/8 GB swap. AllTheMods / ATM-8 Public. vmoptions" -jar launcher-first. 0-amazon-correto. For example, I have my server files in a folder called “Minecraft Server” so adjust that line for your specific server. Or you can just use Java 16 & lower if your prefer. jar --nogui . It responded with (…To avoid swapping of RAM to disk you also need to turn off swap (see for example this ). I haven't been able to benchmark it myself by lack. Which, according to hotspot-runtime-dev discussions, will prevent some performance monitoring command line tools from discovering running VMs automagically. This can be checked using following command 'ps -ef|grep solr'. 2. jar. Reload to refresh your session. 55=-XX:G1HeapRegionSize=32 wrapper. It aims to fix inconsistencies between gameplay and mechanics. press control-c to stop CMD from pining your server. This question already has answers here : Closed last year. Step 6 - Configure Spigot as a service. 19. 2. -XX:+ParallelRefProcEnabled：默认为 false，并行的处理 Reference 对象，如 WeakReference，除非在 GC log 里出现 Reference 处理时间较长的日志，否则效果不会很明显。-XX:+ScavengeBeforeFullGC：在 Full GC 执行前先执行一次 Young GC。-XX:+UseGCOverheadLimit：限制 GC 的运行时间。 According to G1GC documentation, the ideal region count is 2048, so 16 MB regions were perfect for a 32 GB heap. 7. To display the JVM status for a JBoss EAP server in a managed domain: Select the Runtime tab, and then select the server group and server that you want to view. 19. The Z Garbage Collector is enabled with the command-line option -XX:+UseZGC. In some cases, the descriptions provide links to additional detailed information about an issue or a change. 7) and 40 gb ssd. 0_91. I just did that, and the . For each N references defined by the -XX:ReferencesPerThread flag a single thread will be used. 如果没有设置堆内存的大小，默认情况下，JVM 的 Max Heap Size 是操作系统的 1/4，我们知道 Docker 是通过 CGroups 来实现内存的限制，而 /proc 目录只是以只读的形式挂载到容器中，默认情况下 Java 是看不到 CGroups 限制的内存大小，而是通过 /proc. 2 then. 56=-XX:InitiatingHeapOccupancyPercent=70Nat. You signed out in another tab or window. Teams. "Problem Description: Ambari-infra-solr is running fine but using a "ps" command shows a password like below. -XX:+CMSScavengeBeforeRemark (default false)Bobcat00. java. I am trying to configure a Google App Engine Flexible Environment for my Java application, and I want to use Java 11 as the runtime. If it worked, you should now receive a console similar to the output in the next section. com is the number one paste tool since 2002. So, we add the GC flag -XX:+ParallelRefProcEnabled which enables us to use the multiple cores more effectively. System Info Handler. -XX:+ParallelRefProcEnabled -XX:ReferencesPerThread=1000 -XX:ReferencesPerThread determines the degree of parallelization: for every N Reference Objects one thread will. Step 5 - Start Spigot Server. I think this means that your server is out of RAM. This information includes: * Heap & non-heap memory. UPDATE: Changing the Xmx value from 512m to 2g reduced the time from ~150 seconds down to ~50 seconds. For each N references defined by the -XX:ReferencesPerThread flag a single thread will be used. + Quote Reply. Inside, write @Echo off java -Xms128M -Xmx5120M -XX:+UseG1GC -XX:+ParallelRefProcEnabled -XX:MaxGCPauseMillis=200 -XX:+UnlockExperimentalVMOptions -XX:+DisableExplicitGC -XX:+AlwaysPreTouch . 引用处理：主要针对软引用、弱引用、虚引用、final引用、JNI引用；当占用时间过多时，可选择使用参数-XX:+ParallelRefProcEnabled激活多线程引用处理 在年轻代收集中，Eden分区存活的对象将被拷贝到Survivor分区；原有Survivor分区存活的对象，将根据对象的年龄而晋升. hea. They can still attach to the running process if the PID is specified explicitly. A common set of GC flags is Aikars flags, but they have their limits since as good as they may be, the GC still has. The option “-XX:+ParallelRefProcEnabled” enable parallel reference processing whenever possible. Reload to refresh your session. ParallelRefProcEnabled Option in JVM. In terms of reducing lag spikes I got very good results using the Shenandoah GC. You need to be a member in order to leave a commentStack Overflow Public questions & answers; Stack Overflow for Teams Where developers & technologists share private knowledge with coworkers; Talent Build your employer brand ; Advertising Reach developers & technologists worldwide; Labs The future of collective knowledge sharing; About the companyこれまでは使用できないGC (例:minimalなJVMビルドではG1は使えない)を指定した場合は警告メッセージを出しつつ別のGCを利用して起動していたが、Java 11からは直ちに終了するように修正された. Better explanation would be: G and M indicate GB and MB. ":=" indicates that the flag was set to that value either by the user or by JVM optimization ( The process of Ergonomics ). 7. Suppose Java 15 is in your PATH variable. Hey I'm currently having problems that my server is quite laggy and wanted to ask what I could change Dedicated Rootserver I7 - 6700K 64GB DDR4 1 Gbit Up/Down NVMe - Write : 2,960 Mbit/s Read : 3,180 Mbit/s Sparkprofiler Log : Step 1 - Configure Firewall. sh. Tuning G1 GC for Cassandra is too complicated, but it can make a big difference in cluster health. log 2 -XX:+PrintGCDateStamps 3 -XX:+PrintGCDetails 4 -XX:+PrintTenuringDistribution 5 -XX:+PrintAdaptiveSizePolicy. To further tune your memory usage. io, download the server jar you want, make a new text document on your desktop and edit it. exe is your java 8 binary. war). target [Service] Type=notify NotifyAccess=all ExecStart=<Path to start script> ExecStop=<path. Create an account or sign in to comment. Not sure I can recommend running any Solr version below 6. This library is used by Solr, one of the CKAN requirements that powers the search. Oracle recommends setting the minimum heap size -Xms equal to the maximum heap size -Xmx to minimize garbage collections. This information includes: * Heap & non-heap memory. It was clear that G1GC is not the way to go with OpenJDK 1. To control the degree of parallelism, i. This shows the following heap usage information:[18:17:20 WARN]: java. Aikar's recommended flags for Waterfall are as follows: java -Xms512M -Xmx512M -XX:+UseG1GC -XX:G1HeapRegionSize=4M -XX:+UnlockExperimentalVMOptions -XX. Using ChatGPT as a resource to write this, I created an automatic updater and start server script that does this for me. tickChildren is your first issue. I did an ls on the java and it says java-1. The Release Notes describe important changes, enhancements, removed APIs and features, deprecated APIs and features, and other information about JDK 11 and Java SE 11. 존재하지 않는 이미지입니다. Code Revisions 5. 0 is taking 5 minutes 7 seconds. Pastebin is a website where you can store text online for a set period of time. Newer Than: Search this thread only; Search this forum only. 19s Sys=0. jmeter -n -t test. Then executing the plain java command will execute with the Java 15 binary. In Wireshark pcap capture we see the HTTP request message resulting from the below curl command. sh. Systemd ignores notify PID when similar service is running. An example for such output is User=0. These notes describe important changes, enhancements, removed APIs and features, deprecated APIs and features, and other information about JDK 17 and Java SE 17. Indeed it seems from these results that it produces some of the worst results with ZGC. #2. JDK-6659981 : +ParallelRefProcEnabled crashes on single core platform Type:Bug Component:hotspot Sub-Component:gc Affected Version:6,6u5 Priority:P3 Status:Closed. Q&A for work. It probably won't help core server performance but it might improve any garbage collection and stop OpenJDK from complaining. A common set of GC flags is Aikars flags, but they have their limits since as good as they may be, the GC still has. 5gigs of ram usage and kept going up. runSetupWizard=false # 1. # Keyspaceの作成 (keyspace_nameは. Please also check the Release Notes. 15. s optimize your server accordingly to pufferfish's guide and restart your server after a while. 07-02-2008 EVALUATION The problem was that +ParallelRefProcEnabled was being used in the case of a platform with just a single core. However, this tuning case led us to believe that for HBase heaps without a clear choice of region size, in our case 40+ GB, it’s much better to err on the side of fewer, larger regions. Microsoft has confirmed that this is a problem in the Microsoft products that are. Search titles only; Posted by Member: Separate names with a comma. You can change the Xms and Xmx to be 3G. 5 | ForEach-Object -Parallel { "Hello $_"; sleep 1; } -ThrottleLimit 5. Newer Than: Search this thread only; Search this forum only. Search titles only; Posted by Member: Separate names with a comma. ZGC stands for Z Garbage Collector, a garbage collector, put simply, is a thing that frees up memory for further use within your server. Issues. 4. 15_windows-x64_bin. Also, you put a wrong back to break line (" ") which seems to break the bash. Try these arguments and see if they improve your experience: -XX:+UseShenandoahGC -XX:+ParallelRefProcEnabled -XX:MaxGCPauseMillis=200 . There's a way you can make a leak with a WeakHashMap: the stale "expired" entries won't be deleted if you. 0. Intro. minecraft) Click more options. For each N references defined by the -XX:ReferencesPerThread flag a single thread will be used. From what I understand this means the server will always use 2GB of RAM but can take up to 6GB if it needs it. 5/24/2018: Added -XX:+ParallelRefProcEnabled. Step 3 - Create a Minecraft user. 0 and later, using the Concurrent-Mark-Sweep (CMS) or G1 garbage collector depends on these factors: Heap sizes from 16 GB to 64 GB. + Quote Reply. additional. Edit: Solved, just set them both to the same value! So when running my server (which has 8GB or RAM) I set my Xms to 2G (minimum RAM) and Xmx to 6GB (maximum RAM). You could try adding something like -XX:ParallelGCThreads=3 to see if it helps. Step 1 - Configure Firewall. . There are lots of knobs and buttons in Solr and Lucene and your instance that need to be tweaked to help ensure your entire index is in memory. 16. the option ParallelRefProcEnabled is enabled by default now, enabling this mechanism. Pastebin is a website where you can store text online for a set period of time. 然后就想到应该和容器的资源限制有关——jvm可能无法. -XX:+UseG1GC # ## Have the JVM do less remembered set work during STW. Click start, get the “Up…Down” response. For me, you should replace -$ by the jar file or spigot, like that: #!/bin/sh while true do java -Xms4G -Xmx4G -XX:+UseG1GC -XX:+ParallelRefProcEnabled . When a player joins, its a new entity that is being spawned into the world, which uses processing power and ram. 2 for now, but future dev builds may break on 1. 15_windows-x64_bin. 시놀로지 나스 x 도커 x 마인크래프트 서버 구축 및 설정. 19. , WeakReference) in parallel which will be faster if there is a lot. 312, and stopped happening after the argument -XX:+ParallelRefProcEnabled were removed. Ref Enqでは、参照が無効になると、G1は参照オブジェクトを各参照キューに入れます。これらのフェーズで時間がかかりすぎる場合、オプション-XX:+ParallelRefProcEnabledを使用して、これらのフェーズの並列化を有効にすることを検討します。The short answer is that Oracle Java and the OpenJDK Java builds available from the official OpenJDK download site DO NOT include support for the Shenandoah GC. additional. 20. Set 3 just didn´t work for me, server started with 11. - AdoptOpenJDK 11 OpenJ9. At LinkedIn, a number of internal high-throughput services cater to thousands of user requests per second. It keeps crashing every 3-5 days depending on the amount of players online. You signed out in another tab or window. ) 2) 적절한 거리의 월드 보더를 잡아주고 플러그인 명령어를 통해 청크를 (맵을) 미리 생성해줍니다. you can see solr. On loading of file having 546M, solr-8. If you still need more, ram to run your minecraft server, you could try -Xmx5120M -Xms5120M which will allocate 5gb. Thank you! -XX:+UseG1GC -XX:+ParallelRefProcEnabled -XX:MaxGCPauseMillis=200 -XX:+UnlockExperimentalVMOptions -XX:+DisableExplicitGC -XX:+AlwaysPreTouch -XX:G1NewSizePercent=30 -XX:G1MaxNewSizePercent=40 . A high-level technical description of the changes is available here. A high-level technical description of the changes is available here. In the Monitor column, select JVM and click View . Please keep in mind that using other flags will either: ; Increase general CPU usage and provide minimal. Enables the function for parallel execution, making it safe for use in concurrent sessions of parallel DML evaluations. 4 Direwolf20 pack it reduces the memory usage (after GC) on. )Well, I eventually ended up finding a solution. Indicates that the. Since said update, I get at least 15 more FPS in whatever. jar". Db2 must be running on a central processor complex that contains two or more tightly coupled processors (sometimes called central processors, or CPs). You'll have to create a server first to be able to use it - don't worry, the scripts below will do the majority of the work for you. I used to make a difference in early versions of Java 6 as it had leading edge optimisations included, but over time these became the default. #3 kults, Oct 24, 2022. Search titles only; Posted by Member: Separate names with a comma. With over 800 million mods downloaded every month and over 11 million active monthly. ParallelRefProcEnabled Option in JVM. Display results as threadsG1GC remark phase is taking too long. GraalVM is a new Java VM from Oracle that can improve the performance of modded and vanilla Minecraft. This question already has answers here : Closed last year. For me, you should replace -$ by the jar file or spigot, like that: #!/bin/sh while true do java -Xms4G -Xmx4G -XX:+UseG1GC -XX:+ParallelRefProcEnabled -XX:MaxGCPauseMillis=200 -XX. {"payload":{"allShortcutsEnabled":false,"fileTree":{"pages/minecraft-java/managing-server":{"items":[{"name":"aikar. 54=-XX:+ParallelRefProcEnabled wrapper. UPDATE. [ ] import os. Instance has got 1000+ projects openjdk version “1. Please note that PowerNukkit is not handled by Cloudburst's staff and is provided with love but without warranty. Log In. 😊 Java Agent Exploration. Navigate to where your spigot. Its default is calculated based on. Cput usage rate gets lower, sound of cpu gets lower but then it starts again. 3) 맵 크기에 맞춰서 시간을 기다려 줍니다. To enable Garbage Collection logs, the below properties should be defined: 1 -Xloggc:<node temporary directory>/gc_node_%t. forgot to add that your main problems are pretty much with any mobs ticktime. 1. You can change it to 8G. Q&A for work. additional. Tuning G1 GC for Cassandra. -XX:+ParallelRefProcEnabled — Recommend setting this value to enable parallel reference processing. 04 and the service seems to start alright, but I cannot s. So given Wendell’s recent video+thread on HaProxy-Wi and other content relating to self-hosting services at home and then proxy-ing them to the internet, I have seen some questions about running a reverse proxy with a Minecraft server, and answered them, and thought I might as well make a full thread. formatMsgNoLookups=true -XX:+UseG1GC -XX:+ParallelRefProcEnabledHow do I specify another type of garbage collector for a dockerized Solr7? My docker startup command is as follows: docker run -d --restart always --name solrcloud -p 8983:8983 --net host myrepo. In the script below, there are a few variables that you will need to adjust to your specific server. OpenJDK flags ReferencesPerThread and ParallelRefProcEnabled Solution Unverified - Updated 2021-09-24T21:58:45+00:00 - EnglishFrom what I've read online, it sounds like a lot of people recommend setting the -XX:+PerfDisableSharedMem JVM flag to fix high GC pause latencies due to IO blocking when the garbage collector tries to write to /tmp (hsperfdata). I seem to have a memory leak on my server. Server-side workloads like chunk generation can get a 20%+ boost while using it! These are some GraalVM flags I put together with the help of this and this. 让 JVM 动态感知 cgroup. -XX:MaxGCPauseMillis=200. Still there were seven pauses in two minutes. After lagging from 20 to all players get kicked "due to keepalive timeout" or "Timed out". Newer Than: Search this thread only; Search this forum only. Q&A for work. Suppose Java 15 is in your PATH variable. Also, you should remove -XX:+AlwaysPreTouch as it doesn't play well with. You might also want to change the default region to your region, check below. Paper has many unique features and changes, including many performance improvements not found in Spigot. tickChildren is your first issue. open file limit is 4096. 2, and 1. Turn it on with the flag -XX:+ParallelRefProcEnabled if you make extensive use of Reference Objects (most applications don't). Paper. Introduction. I’ve recently set up a 1. 1 ParallelGCThreads controls the parallelism of all stop-the-world GC phases, which should include parallel reference processing. -Xms<var> -Xmx<var> -Xmn<var>. Default. jar. Machine-2 configuration is as follows-. debian. I have asked other people and they confirm they also crash by following the exact steps I described above. After out of memory issue i got this in the. In some cases, the descriptions provide links to additional detailed information about an issue or a change. Eden space fills up and a GC pause is triggered. Beowulf Mar 15, 2022 @ 2:34pm. Remark phase is single-threaded by default unless this. Reload to refresh your session. I have two services that are almost identical, except for the paths. 13+ version are actually very bad optimized for servers. 18. Download ZIP. Error: ForEach-Object : Parameter set cannot be resolved using the specified named. -XX:+ScavengeBeforeFullGC (default false) Trigger a Young Generation GC prior to a full GC. * Running threads. txt' and write the following. The MultiMaxScoreQParserPlugin is part of solr-hybris-components-<version_of_solr>. Even then remember that things like Java GC, CPU speed, memory speed, and having the index pre-warmed. These options go between "java -Xmx<size_in_gb>g -Xms<size_in_gb>g" and "jar <minecraft jar>. You can also consider upgrading and investing into something more modern. jar file, where the <version_of_solr> corresponds to the solr version your SAP Commerce is running on. RAM - 8GB. . * Loaded classes. zip and upload it to the main directory of your Gdrive #run this sell to unzip the contents and you can n ow skip part 1 from google. Download the latest Java 11 Compressed Archive (zip) file. These are my exact settings: javaOptions in Universal ++= Seq ( "-J-server", "-Djava. Introduction. At the time of writing: jdk-11. {"payload":{"allShortcutsEnabled":false,"fileTree":{"bin":{"items":[{"name":"examples","path":"bin/examples","contentType":"directory"},{"name":"report-template. The server has base mineos Turnkey installed. I use VDS with such parameters: 8gb ram, 2x core i7-8700k (4. Step 6 - Configure Spigot as a service. 4-5+ GB RAM for like 10 players, 8+ RAM for 20+ players. Use of -XX:+ParallelRefProcEnabled flag decreased the pause time of PhantomReference to 0. {"payload":{"allShortcutsEnabled":false,"fileTree":{"minikube":{"items":[{"name":"hybrid","path":"minikube/hybrid","contentType":"directory"},{"name":"postgres","path. This page does not duplicate the descriptions provided by the. I very highly recommend you check out Aikar's website, there are many more optimizations you can make with JVM Arguments. 2. Learn more about Teams活死人. Then right-click and edit the shortcut so that: Target: "C:Program Filesuluzulu-15injavaw. You gotta have better machine that you run your server on. For example: Code (Text): java. The flag, -XX:ParallelRefProcEnabled, is now true (enabled) by default. 2 for now, but future dev builds may break on 1. sh and then . 8. For verions from 6. Steps/models to reproduce: Issue /restart from in game or restart from console Plugin list: [2. Note that SAP Commerce also supports multiple Solr. Set -XX:+ParallelRefProcEnabled to let it run in parallel. A high-performance fork of Paper designed for large servers. 18. install. . Search Zulu JDK11 Options: Name. This page does not duplicate the descriptions provided by the. Yeah, get a different host or something. 0_161” OpenJDK Runtime. This entry in the Java in Container series discusses the default value of ParallelGCThreads. JDK; JDK-8204612; Make dynamic parallelization of reference processing work default in G1Go to the launcher. docker run -e JVM_XX_OPTS=-XX:+UseG1GC -XX:+ParallelRefProcEnabled ^ | Without quotes, the shell thinks this is the start of a new argument This ambiguity is one of many reasons I prefer the object style declaration of environment in compose files: In between the CMS and GC Logging sections, there should be one more section in that file- the G1 section, which looks like this: ### G1 Settings (experimental, comment previous section and uncomment section below to enable) ## Use the Hotspot garbage-first collector. This tells the JVM to delay the max garbage collection time of 200 milliseconds. However, I'm encountering an issue where it seems to be using Ja. 8 java_flags=-Dlog4j2. 7% but It even uses 170%. The option can be used in testing to simulate a long-running system with all virtual memory mapped to physical memory. These pause time is not acceptable to our requirements. jar. Enables touching of every page on the Java heap during JVM initialization. 1 heap settings: -Xms1g and -Xmx1g. Step 4 - Download and install Spigot. Pastebin. Pull requests 4. The container port within the docker network is still 25565 for main-hub. G1GC is mainly designed for one thing, keeping your application responsive by: trying to avoid that garbage collection of the "old gen" (the tenured objects that the application has hold on to for some time, like from a user session, cache, or some kind of memory leak) must be done in a single classic FullGC where your application is frozen. 19. Oct 11, 2016 at 8:41. ZGC is a new one being "production-ready" starting Java 15 (the latest JDK version) ZGC is also a concurrent garbage collector focusing on latency instead of G1 being a tradeoff between latency and throughput. * Running threads. -Xms4G -Xmx4G -Xmn768m -XX:+AggressiveOpts -XX:+AlwaysPreTouch -XX. モジュール化やProject PortlaによりGCを限定したビルドが作成可能. 1.